Iron Cross 2nd Class with 1870 & 1813 Dates – Franco-Prussian War & Napoleonic Origins

This is a Prussian Iron Cross 2nd Class, a remarkable historical artifact with connections to two defining moments in German military history: the Napoleonic Wars (1813) and the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871). The cross features the 1813 date on one side, signifying its original institution by King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia during the War of Liberation against Napoleon. The 1870 date marks the reintroduction of the Iron Cross under Kaiser Wilhelm I, awarded to soldiers during the Franco-Prussian War, which led to the unification of Germany under Prussian leadership.

Features & Construction:

• Material: Multi-piece construction with an iron core and a silvered frame.
• Obverse: Features the raised “W” monogram of Kaiser Wilhelm I, surmounted by the Prussian royal crown, with the year “1870” at the lower arm of the cross.
• Reverse: Displays the foundational date of the Iron Cross, “1813”, along with the cipher “FW” (Friedrich Wilhelm III) and the oak leaves motif.
• Ribbon: The cross is suspended from its original black-and-white ribbon, the official Prussian wartime ribbon, symbolizing Iron (black) and Silver (white), reflecting Prussian military traditions.
• Dimensions: Standard Iron Cross 2nd Class size of approximately 43mm x 43mm.
• Condition: The iron core retains most of its original black paint, with some age-related patina and minor wear, particularly along the raised edges of the frame.

Historical Context:

The Iron Cross was established in 1813 during the Napoleonic Wars, revived again in 1870, 1914, and 1939 as a Prussian and later German military decoration. The 1870 edition was awarded for bravery and merit in the Franco-Prussian War, a conflict that cemented Prussian dominance and led to the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871 at Versailles.

Collectability & Authenticity Verification:

Collectors should verify authenticity by examining:

• The magnetic properties of the iron core (genuine pieces will attract a magnet).
• The multi-piece construction, with the core seated within a separate silver frame.
• The presence of natural patina on the silver frame.
• The ribbon material, which should be period-correct.
• The weight and dimensions, matching known standards for 1870 Iron Crosses.

Pricing & Market Value:

Iron Crosses from 1870 are far rarer than their 1914 and 1939 counterparts due to lower production numbers. 

Display & Preservation:

This Iron Cross 2nd Class is best displayed in a protective case to prevent oxidation of the iron core. Avoid prolonged exposure to humidity to maintain its silver frame's luster and prevent rusting of the iron center.

This is a significant historical piece, reflecting Prussia’s military traditions and the formation of the German Empire, making it a prized addition to any military history collection.